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Go to Editorial ManagerHigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is one of the most common analytical techniques used in pharmaceutical testing and in many other scientific fields. It is widely used because it can analyze different types of materials and give accurate and reliable results. HPLC is considered an important and trusted method in many laboratories. This narrative review gives a general explanation of HPLC, including its basic principles, simple instruments, and how the technique works with different samples. In pharmaceutical analysis, HPLC is mainly used in quality control laboratories. It is applied for drug assay, titration tests, impurity analysis, solubility studies, and stability testing. Many studies show that HPLC helps in ensuring the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products. In addition, HPLC is used in pharmacovigilance and toxicology to detect degradation products, identify counterfeit drugs, and find harmful or toxic compounds. These applications are important for protecting patient safety and supporting regulatory requirements. HPLC is also used in other fields such as environmental analysis, forensic science, and food analysis. In environmental studies, it helps detect pollutants and trace chemicals in water and soil samples. In forensic laboratories, HPLC is used to identify unknown substances in biological or chemical samples. In food analysis, it is applied to detect additives, contaminants, and residues. Although HPLC instruments have developed over time, proper method development, validation, and correct interpretation of results are still necessary to obtain reliable data for routine laboratory work and pharmaceutical regulatory use.
Schiff bases have been a very important category of chemical molecules in medicine and pharmacology over the last several decades. Their structure contains an azomethine functional group (-C=N-).This group is typically formed by the condensation of primary amines with aldehydes or ketones. Schiff bases are relatively easy to synthesize, and their structural versatility allows modification for diverse biological applications. From a medicinal standpoint, Schiff bases have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral effects.Multiple studies suggest that even small alterations in chemical structure, such changes in substituent characteristics or the introduction of heterocyclic groups, may substantially affect biological efficacy. Schiff bases are also recognized for their ability to coordinate with metal ions, which has led to the development of numerous metal complexes with new or improved pharmacological characteristics.The medicinal significance of Schiff bases is further supported by their proposed mechanisms of action, including enzyme inhibition, interaction with microbial cell membranes, DNA binding, and modulation of oxidative stress pathways.These characteristics make Schiff bases attractive frameworks for the development of novel therapeutic agents.This review aims to highlight the pharmaceutical importance of Schiff bases by focusing on their chemical characteristics and key antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer activities, while also discussing their potential applications in drug discovery and development.