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Go to Editorial ManagerABSTRACT Psoriasis (PSO) is an immune-mediated dermatological disorder marked by thick, erythematous, scaly plaques resulting from rapid, excessive cellular growth. Anti-inflammatory agents, immunosuppressant’s, and additional pharmaceuticals serve as the principal therapeutic strategy for psoriasis to alleviate symptoms, diminish inflammation, and inhibit the proliferation and division of epidermal cells. Nevertheless, these drugs generally include disadvantages that impose significant physiological and pathological burdens on patients, including inadequate targeting, brief half-lives, limited absorption rates, and severe toxic side effects. Researchers have recently concentrated significant effort on employing delivery systems for the topical administration of drugs to affected psoriatic skin regions. These systems increase pharmacological efficacy, stability, and penetration. More therapeutic concepts for the treatment of PSO are made possible by the ongoing development of numerous multifunctional topical delivery technologies. This publication reviews various delivery strategies, including hydrogels, nanoparticles, microneedles, micelles, dendrimers, liposomes, nanoemulsions, and vesicles, for topical therapy of PSO and delineates their current developmental status in clinical treatment. It is expected to facilitate the progression of PSO treatment methodologies and provide a benchmark for the development of novel topical delivery systems.
dandruff chronic and recurring scalp condition that characterised by excessive flaking, itching. Overactive sebaceous glands, microbial imbalance, impaired skin barrier function, and susceptibility to infection are among the overlapping causative factors that distinguish it from seborrheic dermatitis. Malassezia fungi, particularly Malassezia pityriasis, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of dandruff by metabolizing lipids, releasing inflammatory mediators, and disrupting the stratum corneum barrier. Antifungal, exfoliating, and anti-inflammatory ingredients such as ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, and salicylic acid are frequently found in conventional anti-dandruff shampoos. However, these formulations are limited by their low bioavailability, short duration on the scalp, poor penetration into the hair follicles, and the potential for irritation with prolonged use. Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled the development of novel drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, lipid nanocarriers, polymer nanoparticles, microemulsifiers, and advanced exosome-based systems, significantly improving the effectiveness of anti-dandruff shampoos. In addition to reducing discomfort and the frequency of application, these nanocarriers enhance drug deposition in the scalp, target hair follicles, ensure controlled release, and stabilize active ingredients. Furthermore, herbal enhancers, including coconut oil, aloe vera, green tea and rosemary, possess synergistic antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and scalp barrier-repairing properties when added. Thus, by simultaneously addressing microbial overgrowth, inflammation, and scalp barrier damage, multifunctional, nanotechnology-enhanced shampoos offer an effective approach to tackling the multifactorial nature of dandruff. This review underscores the potential of nanoparticle-based anti-dandruff shampoos to increase therapeutic efficacy by highlighting recent developments, formulation considerations and evaluation techniques, related to these products.
Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the pharmacological effect of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor (dovramilast) in a psoriasis mice model induced by imiquimod, and to estimate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in skin tissue (IL-17A, IL-23 and TNF-α). Furthermore, histopathological scores for skin tissue were determined. Methods: Fifty BALB/c male albino mice aged 8 weeks were used in this study. The mice were classified into five groups each group contain ten mice (n=10) as the following, group I (control) contained healthy mice, group II (induction) involve application of imiquimod 5% cream once daily for five consecutive days to produce inflammatory lesions that resemble to plaque psoriasis, group III, IV and V involve application of imiquimod 5% cream then three hours later treatments were applied for five consecutive days were, group III received clobetasol 0.05% ointment, group IV received dovramilast 0.3% ointment and group V utilize combination of formula contain both dovramilast 0.15% with clobetasol 0.025% ointment. Results: The dovramilast-treated group showed a significant reduction in all inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A, IL-23 and TNF-α) compared to induction (P<0.05) and not significantly differ from clobetasol effect. Furthermore, dovramilast/clobetasol combination providing significant reduction in all measured inflammatory cytokines (P<0.05) when compared to induction and non-significantly differ from clobetasol-treated group. Conclusions: Topical dovramilast, alone or in combination with clobetasol, may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of psoriasis
The protective reaction of an organism to potentially harmful stimuli is known as inflammation, and it can result from a variety of sources, including physical, chemical, or viral injuries. A large number of people in our society suffer from long-term inflammatory diseases, which makes it necessary to constantly develop new anti-inflammatory drugs. The development of powerful anti-inflammatory medications has advanced significantly in recent years. As a result, heterocyclic compounds made up a sizeable fraction of organic chemistry due to their pharmacological activity and distinct physical traits that distinguished them from other cyclic compounds. One of the most common N-based heterocyclic molecules is imidazolidine. Numerous scientists have become interested in it because of the variety of industrial and pharmacological uses. In the present study, the work dedicated to designed new imidazolidine derivatives. Molecular Docking Software (Schrodinger) was used to check the binding interaction between new derivatives (4N, 4M, 4D, 4In, 4Ib) and the cyclooxygenase active site of COX-2 in comparison with naproxen, mefenamic acid, diclofenac, indomethacin and ibuprofen as references drugs respectively. The results demonstrated that good binding affinity achieved by all new compounds with the exception of 4D derivative in comparison with diclofenac. Finally, the findings of the ADME study demonstrated that all new derivatives met the Lipinski rule of five and expected to be highly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract.