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Go to Editorial ManagerABSTRACT Psoriasis (PSO) is an immune-mediated dermatological disorder marked by thick, erythematous, scaly plaques resulting from rapid, excessive cellular growth. Anti-inflammatory agents, immunosuppressant’s, and additional pharmaceuticals serve as the principal therapeutic strategy for psoriasis to alleviate symptoms, diminish inflammation, and inhibit the proliferation and division of epidermal cells. Nevertheless, these drugs generally include disadvantages that impose significant physiological and pathological burdens on patients, including inadequate targeting, brief half-lives, limited absorption rates, and severe toxic side effects. Researchers have recently concentrated significant effort on employing delivery systems for the topical administration of drugs to affected psoriatic skin regions. These systems increase pharmacological efficacy, stability, and penetration. More therapeutic concepts for the treatment of PSO are made possible by the ongoing development of numerous multifunctional topical delivery technologies. This publication reviews various delivery strategies, including hydrogels, nanoparticles, microneedles, micelles, dendrimers, liposomes, nanoemulsions, and vesicles, for topical therapy of PSO and delineates their current developmental status in clinical treatment. It is expected to facilitate the progression of PSO treatment methodologies and provide a benchmark for the development of novel topical delivery systems.
Drug delivery methods have evolved to improve therapeutic outcomes, patient compliance, and therapy outcomes. This review examines the historical progression of drug delivery strategies, current innovations, and emerging trends shaping the future of therapeutic approaches. Traditional methods of giving medications, like oral and injection routes, had many problems, such as low bioavailability and systemic side effects. This review looks at how drug delivery systems have changed throughout several drug development eras. It focuses on new developments such as nanotechnology-based delivery, biologics, and the creation of smart drug delivery systems. This review highlights breakthroughs in controlled-release systems, nanocarriers, transdermal patches, and implantable drug-delivery devices, comparing both conventional and modern strategies. Further, advances in microencapsulation technology, gene therapy delivery strategies, and AI-assisted drug formulation are examined in the context of precision and efficacy. These innovations reflect a paradigm shift toward precision medicine with personalized drug delivery strategies minimizing side effects while maximizing therapeutic outcomes. Importantly, nanomedicine and biological therapies have successfully addressed critical challenges of drug stability, bioavailability, and drug delivery mechanisms for controlled release devices