×
The submission system is temporarily under maintenance. Please send your manuscripts to
Go to Editorial ManagerObjective Examine how transdermal drug delivery systems can yield advantages over conventional methods, especially in terms of maximizing efficacy while reducing toxicity and bypassing hepatic metabolism. The study also aims to review ethosomal systems as a novel nanocarrier for enhanced transdermal drug delivery. Methods A comprehensive review of transdermal drug delivery systems with an accent on ethosomes. Three types of ethosomal systems were studied based on their composition, which are transethosomes, binary ethosomes, and classical ethosomes. These methods were explored to determine how the differences in preparation techniques and formulation methods influenced system properties, including vesicle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, skin penetration, and stability. Results Ethosomes are emerging as potent transdermal drug carriers.They can encompass drugs with a broad diversity of physicochemical properties, and due to their high ethanol levels, ethanol has been used to increase the penetration of the drug molecules by disrupting the lipid structure of the stratum corneum.(Due to the deeper skin layers,it may include the subcutaneous layer,but the target for transdermal drug delivery is that the drug is systemically absorbed before reaching this layer). Transethosomes and binary ethosomes exhibited better flexibility and permeation than conventional ethosomes Conclusions Ethosomal systems have better drug penetration, lower toxicity, and higher therapeutic efficacy.This makes them a promising new way to give drugs through the skin. The performance of formulation ingredients and preparation methods has a big effect on how well they work. More research and improvements to these systems could make them more useful in medicine and pharmacology.
Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the pharmacological effect of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor (dovramilast) in a psoriasis mice model induced by imiquimod, and to estimate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in skin tissue (IL-17A, IL-23 and TNF-α). Furthermore, histopathological scores for skin tissue were determined. Methods: Fifty BALB/c male albino mice aged 8 weeks were used in this study. The mice were classified into five groups each group contain ten mice (n=10) as the following, group I (control) contained healthy mice, group II (induction) involve application of imiquimod 5% cream once daily for five consecutive days to produce inflammatory lesions that resemble to plaque psoriasis, group III, IV and V involve application of imiquimod 5% cream then three hours later treatments were applied for five consecutive days were, group III received clobetasol 0.05% ointment, group IV received dovramilast 0.3% ointment and group V utilize combination of formula contain both dovramilast 0.15% with clobetasol 0.025% ointment. Results: The dovramilast-treated group showed a significant reduction in all inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A, IL-23 and TNF-α) compared to induction (P<0.05) and not significantly differ from clobetasol effect. Furthermore, dovramilast/clobetasol combination providing significant reduction in all measured inflammatory cytokines (P<0.05) when compared to induction and non-significantly differ from clobetasol-treated group. Conclusions: Topical dovramilast, alone or in combination with clobetasol, may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of psoriasis
One of the most interesting pharmaceutical drug delivery systems with minimally invasive technique are Microneedles. In the recent years, many researchers have concluded that Microneedles can be a leading method in the future. As a drug delivery system, Microneedles can improve drug delivery by avoiding many barriers that were linked with the conventional system, these unique properties could make Microneedles widely used. The primary mechanism for improving drug delivery to the targeted site with minimal complications is by creating micro-sized pores in the skin layer. The growing interest of Microneedles in biomedical and pharmaceutical research is obtained by easy delivery of active ingredient with low invasive technique. Vaccines, peptides, and hormones are examples of molecules delivered by Microneedles. In this review, we will discuss Microneedles efficiency as drug delivery carriers, fabrication materials, and several related patents
Psoriasis is a chronic immuno-mediated inflammatory disease of 2.3% prevalence in Iraqi the etiology of the disease is not identified well. A wide variation in disease picture and response to treatment occur due to the complexity of the disease. The study includes 75 male and female people diagnosed with psoriasis. General data and treatment used have been analyzed. A questionnaire is prepared. The study shows that there were twenty-one patients aged between 15 and 24 years, thirty-three patients aged between 25 and 34 years, eight patients aged between 35 and 44 years, and thirteen patients were identified as being older than 44 years. The study shows that the distribution of patients is such that fifty-five percent are male, while forty-five percent are female. Betamethasone was most steroid used. Most of the patients repeat the treatment courses more than two times and most of the patients participated in the study use only one drug. In Conclusion both topical and systemic treatment is used and mostly steroids were the common used group.
dandruff chronic and recurring scalp condition that characterised by excessive flaking, itching. Overactive sebaceous glands, microbial imbalance, impaired skin barrier function, and susceptibility to infection are among the overlapping causative factors that distinguish it from seborrheic dermatitis. Malassezia fungi, particularly Malassezia pityriasis, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of dandruff by metabolizing lipids, releasing inflammatory mediators, and disrupting the stratum corneum barrier. Antifungal, exfoliating, and anti-inflammatory ingredients such as ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, and salicylic acid are frequently found in conventional anti-dandruff shampoos. However, these formulations are limited by their low bioavailability, short duration on the scalp, poor penetration into the hair follicles, and the potential for irritation with prolonged use. Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled the development of novel drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, lipid nanocarriers, polymer nanoparticles, microemulsifiers, and advanced exosome-based systems, significantly improving the effectiveness of anti-dandruff shampoos. In addition to reducing discomfort and the frequency of application, these nanocarriers enhance drug deposition in the scalp, target hair follicles, ensure controlled release, and stabilize active ingredients. Furthermore, herbal enhancers, including coconut oil, aloe vera, green tea and rosemary, possess synergistic antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and scalp barrier-repairing properties when added. Thus, by simultaneously addressing microbial overgrowth, inflammation, and scalp barrier damage, multifunctional, nanotechnology-enhanced shampoos offer an effective approach to tackling the multifactorial nature of dandruff. This review underscores the potential of nanoparticle-based anti-dandruff shampoos to increase therapeutic efficacy by highlighting recent developments, formulation considerations and evaluation techniques, related to these products.
ABSTRACT Psoriasis (PSO) is an immune-mediated dermatological disorder marked by thick, erythematous, scaly plaques resulting from rapid, excessive cellular growth. Anti-inflammatory agents, immunosuppressant’s, and additional pharmaceuticals serve as the principal therapeutic strategy for psoriasis to alleviate symptoms, diminish inflammation, and inhibit the proliferation and division of epidermal cells. Nevertheless, these drugs generally include disadvantages that impose significant physiological and pathological burdens on patients, including inadequate targeting, brief half-lives, limited absorption rates, and severe toxic side effects. Researchers have recently concentrated significant effort on employing delivery systems for the topical administration of drugs to affected psoriatic skin regions. These systems increase pharmacological efficacy, stability, and penetration. More therapeutic concepts for the treatment of PSO are made possible by the ongoing development of numerous multifunctional topical delivery technologies. This publication reviews various delivery strategies, including hydrogels, nanoparticles, microneedles, micelles, dendrimers, liposomes, nanoemulsions, and vesicles, for topical therapy of PSO and delineates their current developmental status in clinical treatment. It is expected to facilitate the progression of PSO treatment methodologies and provide a benchmark for the development of novel topical delivery systems.