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Go to Editorial ManagerObjective to find the potential anti–angiogenic and antioxidant effect of Anabasis setifera extracts. Methods The rat aortic ring anti-angiogenesis assay, DPPH radical scavenging assay, and chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay were carried out in the tissue culture laboratory of the Department of Pharmacology, College of pharmacy, Al-Nahrain University. Results The aqueous extract of Anabasis setifera demonstrated significant inhibition of microvessel outgrowth in the rat aortic ring assay by 71% , with 86.5% reduction of blood vessels growth In the CAM model, treatment resulted in a marked reduction in neovascularization compared with the control group. The extract also exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activity in the (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay Conclusions The water extract of Anabasis setifera . exhibits significant anti-angiogenic and antioxidant activities and may represent a promising natural source angiogenesis agents .
Objective To develop and disseminate a novel multimodal therapeutic concept for movement disorders (MD) that will not only aim at symptom suppression, but on the functional reorganization of motor networks allowing more stable and meaningful recovery. Methods A net-based model was employed by creating three integrated modules: • Pharmacological tuning in network physiology. • There are some interventional and non-invasive co-modulations of the invasive ones. • Task specific motor retraining at therapeutically optimum doses, in order to reconstruct maladaptive circuits. It was constructed through observations in systems neuroscience and functional imaging of network dynamics involving the basal ganglia, cortex, thalamus, and cerebellum. Results The intervention aims beyond alleviation of symptoms to normalize abnormal connectivity, oscillatory activity and maladaptive plasticity in the respective motor networks. While clinical validation is empirical, theoretical analysis supports the idea that combination of pharmacological, neuromodulator and motor retraining approach might promote functional reorganization and would be effective in longer term improvement. Conclusions Such a multimodal, network-informed therapy could outperform current MD approaches by not only relieving symptoms, but also facilitating adaptive motor network reorganization. This combination of therapies is expected to result in such a superior long-term functional outcome and less variability in patient response.