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Go to Editorial ManagerLactic acid bacteria (LAB) are essential in food generation and the maintenance of good health. There is a growing interest in these species in order to learn more about the many health advantages they may provide. LAB's activities are dependent on the number of bacteria present in the gastrointestinal system and their species and strain specific. Chemical preservatives and processed meals are causing a lot of anxiety among consumers. Products containing or treated with LAB, on the other hand, are widely acknowledged as a normal approach to keep food and enhance health. The current publication intended to summarize the research on the function of probiotic LAB in food preservation, gastrointestinal immunomodulation, and health benefits. In food science and associated researches, the identification and categorization of helpful bacteria is critical. Traditional phenotypic techniques have several drawbacks, including the possibility of misidentification of a target, which limits their use. Genotyping techniques have a larger chance of succeeding, and they are commonly employed to differentiate microorganisms. The techniques used to genotype lactic acid bacteria (LAB) varies somewhat from each other, and each instrument has a set of benefits and drawbacks. This reviewing study covers different fingerprinting approaches used to identify and characterize LAB at the species, sub-species, and strain levels. The majority of such methods rely on restriction digestion, polymerase chain reaction amplification, as well as sequencing. Concerning cost, technique, and throughput DNA sequencing technologies have advanced significantly in recent years. A worldwide research effort is underway to produce enhanced versions of broadly
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is one of the most common analytical techniques used in pharmaceutical testing and in many other scientific fields. It is widely used because it can analyze different types of materials and give accurate and reliable results. HPLC is considered an important and trusted method in many laboratories. This narrative review gives a general explanation of HPLC, including its basic principles, simple instruments, and how the technique works with different samples. In pharmaceutical analysis, HPLC is mainly used in quality control laboratories. It is applied for drug assay, titration tests, impurity analysis, solubility studies, and stability testing. Many studies show that HPLC helps in ensuring the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products. In addition, HPLC is used in pharmacovigilance and toxicology to detect degradation products, identify counterfeit drugs, and find harmful or toxic compounds. These applications are important for protecting patient safety and supporting regulatory requirements. HPLC is also used in other fields such as environmental analysis, forensic science, and food analysis. In environmental studies, it helps detect pollutants and trace chemicals in water and soil samples. In forensic laboratories, HPLC is used to identify unknown substances in biological or chemical samples. In food analysis, it is applied to detect additives, contaminants, and residues. Although HPLC instruments have developed over time, proper method development, validation, and correct interpretation of results are still necessary to obtain reliable data for routine laboratory work and pharmaceutical regulatory use.
The area of Biotechnology has been both interesting and surprising from the beginning. At first, the scientists were filled with apprehension regarding the cessation of this technology's usage. It is more prudent to be cautious when making alterations to nature as the resulting outcomes remain unpredictable. Utilizing this innovative technology to enhance the nutritional value of food and combat illnesses is a logical approach. The process of creating GMOs involves extracting specific genes from one organism and inserting them into a different organism to generate modified living entities. This process usually gives the new organism specific traits that we want it to have. GMOs can be plants, animals, or enzymes that have been genetically modified. Some genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have been given permission by government agencies to be used for business and to be eaten, while others are still being reviewed by these agencies. Some GMOs are still being tested in laboratories. Genetic modification or genetic engineering of organisms can be put into groups: Green genetic engineering, also known as agro-genetic engineering, is all about creating genetically modified plants for use in farming and food production , Genetic engineering in red/yellow is used in medicine, tests for genetics, and gene therapy, as well as to make drugs like insulin and vaccines , Bacteria or yeast: These micro-organisms are created by changing their genes to make them produce specific chemicals. The chemicals they produce are used in industries to make things like medicine or other products.
The thyroid is an endocrine gland. It controls the body's iodine balance as well as the creation and release of thyroid hormones from its location in the inferior, anterior neck. The thyroid produces both triiodothyronine, which is mostly active, and thyroxine (T4), which is primarily dormant (T3). Thyroid hormone that has undergone peripheral conversion is either activated thyroid hormone or another inactive thyroid hormone. Body composition and thyroid hormones appear to be closely related. Thyroid hormones regulate basal metabolism, thermogenesis and play an important role in lipid and glucose metabolism, food intake and fat oxidation. Thyroid dysfunction is associated with changes in body weight and composition, body temperature and total and resting energy expenditure (REE) independent of physical activity. The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is more likely to be activated in obese patients with healthy thyroid function and greater blood levels of thyroid hormones. On the other hand, slight variations in thyroid function are linked to weight changes of up to 5 kg. An online survey was conducted in Al_Nahrain university college of pharmacy. The aim of this survey is to find the correlation between thyroid function and obesity in the Iraqi population who are diagnosed and treated of hypothyroidism. Current study outcomes is to find the correlation between thyroid function and obesity in the Iraqi population who are diagnosed and treated of hypothyroidism. The correlation between BMI and TSH showed elevattion 4.5-10 mIU/mL, 36 had severely Elevated > 10 mIU/mL while 9 are normal 0.5-4.5 mIU/mL. Aim: The aim of this survey is to find the correlation between thyroid function and obesity in the Iraqi population who are diagnosed and treated of hypothyroidism.
The Urtica dioica is a flowering plant with long history of use in folk medicine and as a food source. Nettles grow all over the world in mild to temperate climates. The study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of alcoholic watery extracts of dry leaves of Urtica dioica on some pathogenic microorganisms (E.coli, Staphylococcus. aureus). The Plants were collected in the early time of January from Baghdad. Deride leaves of Uritica were extracted using co-solvent (Water and ethanol) extraction way by Soxhelt apparatus for crude extraction, and use rotary evaporator to obtain power extract. The series dilution was prepared 50%, 25, 12.5w/v that use on Mueller-Hinton agar plates against the St.aureus, E.coli by using well diffusion method then compared with antimicrobial activity of many antibiotics against the same isolates using Kirby-Bauer method. The crude extract of U. dioica showed significant antibacterial effect against some clinically important pathogenic bacteria Staph.aureus : at the concentration 50% the inhibition zone was 20 mm , followed by 25% (14mm) , and12.5%(10mm), and E.coli : at the concentration 50% the inhibition zone was18mm , followed by 25%(12mm) ,and 12.5(8mm) respectively. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that U. dioica is useful as antibacterial agent in treating infectious diseases.