Articles in This Issue
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a pivotal role in neuronal regulation within the Brain. This study aims to explore potential interactions between synthesized GABA derivatives and GATI through molecular docking simulations. Initially, GABA's historical significance and Therapeutic applications are outlined. The mechanism of action of GABAergic drugs and the role of GATI are elucidated. Subsequently, using ADME procedures and molecular docking protocols, the Physicochemical properties of synthesized compounds and their binding affinities to GATI are Investigated. Results reveal high gastrointestinal absorption and varying blood-brain barrier Permeability among the compounds. Docking studies show promising interactions, with compound G8 exhibiting notable affinity attributed possibly to hydrogen bond formations. This research offers Insights into potential drug development targeting GATI for modulating GABAergic signaling.
Abstract
The protective reaction of an organism to potentially harmful stimuli is known as inflammation, and it can result from a variety of sources, including physical, chemical, or viral injuries. A large number of people in our society suffer from long-term inflammatory diseases, which makes it necessary to constantly develop new anti-inflammatory drugs. The development of powerful anti-inflammatory medications has advanced significantly in recent years. As a result, heterocyclic compounds made up a sizeable fraction of organic chemistry due to their pharmacological activity and distinct physical traits that distinguished them from other cyclic compounds. One of the most common N-based heterocyclic molecules is imidazolidine. Numerous scientists have become interested in it because of the variety of industrial and pharmacological uses. In the present study, the work dedicated to designed new imidazolidine derivatives. Molecular Docking Software (Schrodinger) was used to check the binding interaction between new derivatives (4N, 4M, 4D, 4In, 4Ib) and the cyclooxygenase active site of COX-2 in comparison with naproxen, mefenamic acid, diclofenac, indomethacin and ibuprofen as references drugs respectively. The results demonstrated that good binding affinity achieved by all new compounds with the exception of 4D derivative in comparison with diclofenac. Finally, the findings of the ADME study demonstrated that all new derivatives met the Lipinski rule of five and expected to be highly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract.
Abstract
The recent study aimed to examine the Methanolic extract of Eucalyptus sp. leaves against some opportunistic fungi. The leaves of Eucalyptus sp. were collected, dried and then grinded. Powder of leaves was extracted using methanol and then filtered using filter papers. The filtrate was then centrifuged and then the filtrate was concentrated using a rotary evaporator. A stock solution was used to determine the inhibitory activity of the extract against opportunistic fungi. The results of detecting the active substances in the crude
Abstract
Medication adherence is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "the degree to which the person‟s behavior corresponds with the agreed recommendations from a health care provider, Adherence to therapies is a primary determinant of treatment success. The aim of the current study to compute the level of medication adherence in hospitalized and non hospitalized patients in order to compare between them and demonstrate the effect of non adherence on hospitalization rate. Sixty patients were participating in the current study (30 hospitalized, 30 non hospitalized) with age ≥ 18 years old, using morisky questionnaire and general questionnaire to collect information that relate to the patient lifestyle, diet, age, sex etc. It was found that 60% of hospitalized patients involved in the study had low adherents, 26.6% medium and only 13.3% were high adherents compared to non hospitalized with 33.3% being high adherents, 33.3% low and medium adherents, and the direct relationship between decreased adherence and increased hospitalization rates, also noticed the effects of age, complexity of treatment, patient provider interactions and unwanted side effects of medications on the rates of adherence. The study found that low adherence was higher in hospitalized patients; the rate of high adherence was increased in non hospitalized patients. Adherence to prescriptions is linked to age, patients' beliefs, education about their health, their trust in health care workers.
Abstract
Moringa is a natural and cultivated variety of the genus Moringa of the family Moringaceae. The cultivation of Moringa is widespread due to multiple medicinal and healing properties. It is one of the richest plant sources of Vitamins A, B , C, D, E, K , in addition to proteins and minerals .The recent study aimed to phytochemically analyze Moringa oleifera grown in Iraqi environment and detection of some active compounds of the plant. Research reported that Moringa can support a healthy cardiovascular system, promote normal blood glucose levels, neutralize free radicals, provide excellent support of the body's anti inflammatory mechanisms, enrich anemic blood and support immune system. Moringa oleifera contains various phytoconstituents which contribute to its therapeutic uses such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, phenolic acids, glycosides, flavonoids, and terpenoids. This study was able to identify the different phytochemical compounds present in Moringa cultivated in Iraq using preliminary chemical tests and to identify the presence of Quercetin using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The chromatographic techniques proved the presence of Quercetin by showing identical retention time and retention factor almost identical to that produced by quercetin standard.
Abstract
The Urtica dioica is a flowering plant with long history of use in folk medicine and as a food source. Nettles grow all over the world in mild to temperate climates. The study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of alcoholic watery extracts of dry leaves of Urtica dioica on some pathogenic microorganisms (E.coli, Staphylococcus. aureus). The Plants were collected in the early time of January from Baghdad. Deride leaves of Uritica were extracted using co-solvent (Water and ethanol) extraction way by Soxhelt apparatus for crude extraction, and use rotary evaporator to obtain power extract. The series dilution was prepared 50%, 25, 12.5w/v that use on Mueller-Hinton agar plates against the St.aureus, E.coli by using well diffusion method then compared with antimicrobial activity of many antibiotics against the same isolates using Kirby-Bauer method. The crude extract of U. dioica showed significant antibacterial effect against some clinically important pathogenic bacteria Staph.aureus : at the concentration 50% the inhibition zone was 20 mm , followed by 25% (14mm) , and12.5%(10mm), and E.coli : at the concentration 50% the inhibition zone was18mm , followed by 25%(12mm) ,and 12.5(8mm) respectively. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that U. dioica is useful as antibacterial agent in treating infectious diseases.
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic immuno-mediated inflammatory disease of 2.3% prevalence in Iraqi the etiology of the disease is not identified well. A wide variation in disease picture and response to treatment occur due to the complexity of the disease. The study includes 75 male and female people diagnosed with psoriasis. General data and treatment used have been analyzed. A questionnaire is prepared. The study shows that there were twenty-one patients aged between 15 and 24 years, thirty-three patients aged between 25 and 34 years, eight patients aged between 35 and 44 years, and thirteen patients were identified as being older than 44 years. The study shows that the distribution of patients is such that fifty-five percent are male, while forty-five percent are female. Betamethasone was most steroid used. Most of the patients repeat the treatment courses more than two times and most of the patients participated in the study use only one drug. In Conclusion both topical and systemic treatment is used and mostly steroids were the common used group.
Abstract
The thyroid is an endocrine gland. It controls the body's iodine balance as well as the creation and release of thyroid hormones from its location in the inferior, anterior neck. The thyroid produces both triiodothyronine, which is mostly active, and thyroxine (T4), which is primarily dormant (T3). Thyroid hormone that has undergone peripheral conversion is either activated thyroid hormone or another inactive thyroid hormone. Body composition and thyroid hormones appear to be closely related. Thyroid hormones regulate basal metabolism, thermogenesis and play an important role in lipid and glucose metabolism, food intake and fat oxidation. Thyroid dysfunction is associated with changes in body weight and composition, body temperature and total and resting energy expenditure (REE) independent of physical activity. The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is more likely to be activated in obese patients with healthy thyroid function and greater blood levels of thyroid hormones. On the other hand, slight variations in thyroid function are linked to weight changes of up to 5 kg. An online survey was conducted in Al_Nahrain university college of pharmacy. The aim of this survey is to find the correlation between thyroid function and obesity in the Iraqi population who are diagnosed and treated of hypothyroidism. Current study outcomes is to find the correlation between thyroid function and obesity in the Iraqi population who are diagnosed and treated of hypothyroidism. The correlation between BMI and TSH showed elevattion 4.5-10 mIU/mL, 36 had severely Elevated > 10 mIU/mL while 9 are normal 0.5-4.5 mIU/mL. Aim: The aim of this survey is to find the correlation between thyroid function and obesity in the Iraqi population who are diagnosed and treated of hypothyroidism.