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Go to Editorial ManagerThe screening, production, and optimization of extracellular lipase from a fungus Aspergillus niger isolated from different sources were examined in this work. The isolated fungi were screened on tributyrin hydrolysis method to detect exogenous lipolytic activity. A promising lipase producing isolate of A. niger-6 was selected and identified as the highest lipaseproducing strain. The optimal conditions were determined for: inducer oil, carbon source, nitrogen source, initial pH value, incubation temperature, incubation period, inoculum size, and shaking speed for lipase production using one factor at a time approach. Maximum lipase production was observed in 1% olive oil, 2% glucose, 2g/l ammonium sulphate, pH6, 30°C, 5days, 1x106spores/ml-1, and 150 rpm, respectively.
Moringa is a natural and cultivated variety of the genus Moringa of the family Moringaceae. The cultivation of Moringa is widespread due to multiple medicinal and healing properties. It is one of the richest plant sources of Vitamins A, B , C, D, E, K , in addition to proteins and minerals .The recent study aimed to phytochemically analyze Moringa oleifera grown in Iraqi environment and detection of some active compounds of the plant. Research reported that Moringa can support a healthy cardiovascular system, promote normal blood glucose levels, neutralize free radicals, provide excellent support of the body's anti inflammatory mechanisms, enrich anemic blood and support immune system. Moringa oleifera contains various phytoconstituents which contribute to its therapeutic uses such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, phenolic acids, glycosides, flavonoids, and terpenoids. This study was able to identify the different phytochemical compounds present in Moringa cultivated in Iraq using preliminary chemical tests and to identify the presence of Quercetin using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The chromatographic techniques proved the presence of Quercetin by showing identical retention time and retention factor almost identical to that produced by quercetin standard.
The recent study aimed to examine the Methanolic extract of Eucalyptus sp. leaves against some opportunistic fungi. The leaves of Eucalyptus sp. were collected, dried and then grinded. Powder of leaves was extracted using methanol and then filtered using filter papers. The filtrate was then centrifuged and then the filtrate was concentrated using a rotary evaporator. A stock solution was used to determine the inhibitory activity of the extract against opportunistic fungi. The results of detecting the active substances in the crude
Background: Volkameria inermis is a medicinal plant traditionally used for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Owing to the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to conventional antibiotics, there is a growing interest in exploring plant-derived compounds as alternative therapeutic agents. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an ethanolic extract of Volkameria inermis leaves by using an ethanolic solvent that was eighty percent strength. Methods: Samples of leaves were gathered from the center area of Iraq (Al-Musayab), and washed, sorted, and dried in a shaded environment. Through the use of 800 milliliters of 80% ethanol, an extract of Volkameria inermis leaves was created and dried using a rotary evaporator, it was stored in petri dishes that had been sterilized, and one milligram of the extract was dissolved in one milliliter of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). To conduct the antibacterial test using the agar well diffusion technique, the solution was serially diluted to a concentration of 1 mg/ml. The efficacy of an ethanol extract against bacteria as assessed by well diffusion method. Results: When tested against both (Staphylococcus aureus) and (Salmonella typhi) bacteria, the ethanolic extract of Volkameria inermis demonstrated a notable antibacterial effect at a concentration of 500 μg/ml, which resulted in more inhibition zones than the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: The outcomes of this study demonstrated that the Volkameria inermis plant outperformed the drug ciprofloxacin in its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi.
dandruff chronic and recurring scalp condition that characterised by excessive flaking, itching. Overactive sebaceous glands, microbial imbalance, impaired skin barrier function, and susceptibility to infection are among the overlapping causative factors that distinguish it from seborrheic dermatitis. Malassezia fungi, particularly Malassezia pityriasis, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of dandruff by metabolizing lipids, releasing inflammatory mediators, and disrupting the stratum corneum barrier. Antifungal, exfoliating, and anti-inflammatory ingredients such as ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, and salicylic acid are frequently found in conventional anti-dandruff shampoos. However, these formulations are limited by their low bioavailability, short duration on the scalp, poor penetration into the hair follicles, and the potential for irritation with prolonged use. Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled the development of novel drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, lipid nanocarriers, polymer nanoparticles, microemulsifiers, and advanced exosome-based systems, significantly improving the effectiveness of anti-dandruff shampoos. In addition to reducing discomfort and the frequency of application, these nanocarriers enhance drug deposition in the scalp, target hair follicles, ensure controlled release, and stabilize active ingredients. Furthermore, herbal enhancers, including coconut oil, aloe vera, green tea and rosemary, possess synergistic antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and scalp barrier-repairing properties when added. Thus, by simultaneously addressing microbial overgrowth, inflammation, and scalp barrier damage, multifunctional, nanotechnology-enhanced shampoos offer an effective approach to tackling the multifactorial nature of dandruff. This review underscores the potential of nanoparticle-based anti-dandruff shampoos to increase therapeutic efficacy by highlighting recent developments, formulation considerations and evaluation techniques, related to these products.